Fig. 1: Cryo-EM structure of substrate-free particles containing single-chain ClpX∆N and ClpP.

Structural side (a) and top (b) views. Cryo-EM density is colored light gray and fitted atomic models are displayed in cartoon representation and colored and labeled by ClpX subunit. Key structural features are noted. c Closeup of the axial ClpX pore, showing the locations of the six pore-1 loops and the pore-2 loop of subunit A.