Fig. 9: Restoration of full motor function of severe ischemic hindlimbs after n-BANK treatment in a dose-dependent manner.

A Evaluation of hindlimb motor function using the grasping ring test at day 14 after treatment. B Schematic of painted footprint experiment used to study gait: forelimbs were painted black and hindlimbs were painted red. C Representative footprints from mice in each group at day 14 after treatment. D Bar graphs showing differences in stance width and stride parameters among these groups (n = 16; Stride length: Healthy versus GTN ****P < 0.0001, Healthy versus 10% n-BANK **P = 0.0098; Stance length: ****P < 0.0001; Intra-step distance: ****P < 0.0001; Overlap distance: ****P < 0.0001). E, F Serum biochemical parameters of liver function and kidney function were analyzed (n = 4; ALT: Model versus Healthy *P = 0.0414, Model versus GTN **P = 0.0045, Model versus n-BANK **P = 0.0048, Model versus 10% n-BANK **P = 0.0003; LDH: Healthy versus Model **P = 0.0064, Healthy versus EVs ***P = 0.0008, Healthy versus GTN **P = 0.0033, Healthy versus 10% n-BANK *P = 0.0248; Cre: Model versus Healthy **P = 0.0026, Model versus EVs *P = 0.0408, Model versus GTN **P = 0.0013, Model versus n-BANK **P = 0.0013, Model versus 10% n-BANK **P = 0.0013; BUN: Model versus Healthy ***P = 0.0009, Model versus EVs **P = 0.0070, Model versus n-BANK *P = 0.0277, Model versus 10% n-BANK **P = 0.0033). Data are mean ± SD, * is P < 0.05, ** is P < 0.01, *** is P < 0.001, **** is P < 0.0001, n.s. is P > 0.05 by one-way ANOVA test.