Fig. 3: Re-construction of an in vivo PAPS regeneration system for whole-cell transformation.
From: Engineering sulfonate group donor regeneration systems to boost biosynthesis of sulfated compounds
a Characterization of intracellular ATP content schematic diagram. b Microscopic observation of cell morphology and brightness, the higher the brightness of the cell indicates the higher the ATP content in the cell. Scale bar, 5 μm. Three independent experiments were performed, with similar results. c Impact of polyP6 supplementation on the intracellular ATP concentrations. d Schematic diagram of an in vivo PAPS regeneration system for whole-cell transformation. e SDS-PAGE analysis of protein expression in engineered E. coli. Three independent experiments were performed, with similar results. f Determination of the yield of zosteric acid produced by the engineered bacteria. Significance (P value) was evaluated by two-sided t-test, *, **, *** denote P value < 0.05, <0.01, <0.001, respectively. ATP, adenosine 5′-triphosphate. ADP, adenosine 5′-diphosphate. AMP, adenosine 5′-monophosphate. APS, adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate. PAPS, 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate. PAP, 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphate. All the data are expressed as the mean ± S.D. from three (n = 3) biologically independent replicates. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
