Fig. 4: Relationship between membrane potential responses in CS-activated neurons and eyelid movements.
From: Synaptic mechanisms for associative learning in the cerebellar nuclei
a Average eyelid and Vm traces on conditioned response (CR) and no response (NR) trials of all CS-activated neurons in conditioned mice. b Average Vm traces on CR and NR trials for neurons that show different responses on both types of trials (CR-dependent). Most prominent differences occur during the last 50 ms before the US (gray area). c Same as (b), but for neurons that show similar responses on CR trials compared to NR trials (CR-independent). d Graphs comparing the Vm amplitude and the area within the gray area in (b) and (c). Vm amplitude and area during the last 50 ms before the US are increased on CR trials for CR-dependent, but not for CR-independent neurons (amplitude: main-effect of eyelid response: F(1,7) = 6.734, P = 0.036, interaction-effect eyelid response vs. CR dependency: F(1,7) = 6.972, P = 0.033, CR vs. NR for CR-dependent group: * P = 0.03, 2-way repeated measures ANOVA with Å Ãdák’s multiple comparisons test; area: main-effect of eyelid response: F(1,7) = 7.064, P = 0.033, interaction-effect eyelid response vs. CR dependency: F(1,7) = 9.567, P = 0.018, CR vs. NR for CR-dependent group: * P = 0.019, 2-way repeated measures ANOVA with Å Ãdák’s multiple comparisons test, n = 3 CR-dep/6 CR-indep). e Average eyelid and Vm traces on eyelid opening (EO) and no response (NR) trials of all CS-activated neurons in naive mice. f Average Vm traces on EO and NR trials for neurons that show different responses on both types of trials (EO-dependent). Gray area indicates 50 ms before start of the US. g Graphs comparing the Vm amplitude and area during the 50 ms before the US, showing that the amplitude, but not the area, is significantly increased on EO trials compared to NR trials (amplitude: t(3) = 6.258, ** P = 0.008; area: t(3) = 1.679, P = 0.192, paired t test, two-tailed, n = 4 neurons). h Eyelid and Vm traces on CR or EO trials for CS-activated neurons recorded in conditioned or naive mice, respectively, aligned to the onset of the CR/EO (left panels) or the onset of the Vm response (right panels). Traces include a combination of CS and US responses since the CS-US delay is 250 ms and CS-only and paired trials are pooled. i Onset of Vm response versus onset of CR or EO for all conditioned and naive neurons, respectively. On average, Vm responses start earlier than CRs, but later than EOs. j Onsets of Vm responses and EO or CR responses relative to the onset of the CS. As shown in (i), Vm responses in naive mice start after EOs, but Vm responses start before CRs in conditioned mice (F(3,34) = 8.964, P < 0.001, Vm vs. CR: * P = 0.044, Vm vs. EO: * P = 0.039, one-way ANOVA with Å Ãdák’s multiple comparisons test). Boxplots show median and 25th–75th percentiles, whiskers show minimum and maximum values. Data in all other graphs is shown as mean ± SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
