Fig. 6: Changes in paleoclimate proxies from Lake Junín, Peru, relative to changes in ocean temperature across seven glacial cycles.

The relative timing of environmental variables, peaks of charcoal, Podocarpus pollen, relative to the stacked ocean isotope record⁷⁷. Interglacial peaks are marked by colored blocks as in Figs. 1, 2. GI Glacial Index a proxy for regional ice cover²⁶, OM Organic matter, high OM is interpreted as peat deposition in a shallow lake, Low CO₃ is a proxy for low runoff. Green dotted line is the maximum value for Podocarpus in MIS 1. Mauve bars highlight periods when Podocarpus in prior interglacials exceeded that of MIS 1. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.