Fig. 9: Schematic illustration of PMO in counteracting ferroptosis and alleviating liver injury.
From: Targeting ferroptosis by poly(acrylic) acid coated Mn3O4 nanoparticles alleviates acute liver injury

PMO can mimic the activities of multiple antioxidant enzymes and scavenge broad-spectrum ROS. After being absorbed mainly through macropinocytosis, PMO largely reside in lysosomes, where PMO scavenge ROS, inhibit ferritinophagy-mediated iron release and preserve mTOR activation, leading to the robust inhibition of ferroptosis. The intravenously injected PMO are mainly enriched in the liver and can alleviate DILI (drug-induced liver injury) and LIRI (liver ischemia/reperfusion injury).