Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of 6059 participants who had at least one time-point measure of movement behaviour and dual-energy Xray absorptiometry-measured fat mass and lean mass at either 11, 15, or 24 years clinic visits

From: Effects of accelerometer-based sedentary time and physical activity on DEXA-measured fat mass in 6059 children

Age at clinic visits/follow-up

11 years

15 years

24 years

Variables

Male (n = 2881)

Female (n = 3178)

P-value

Male (n = 2881)

Female (n = 3178)

P-value

Male (n = 2881)

Female (n = 3178)

P-value

Anthropometry

 Age at clinic visit (years), mean (SD)

11.74 (0.23)

11.74 (0.24)

0.340

15.41 (0.27)

15.44 (0.30)

0.019

24.53 (0.78)

24.44 (0.78)

0.003

 Height (m), mean (SD)

1.50 (0.07)

1.51 (0.07)

<0.0001

1.74 (0.08)

1.65 (0.06)

<0.0001

1.80 (0.07)

1.66 (0.06)

<0.0001

 *Weight (kg)

40.70 (9.8)

42.0 (12.2)

<0.0001

62.45 (11.0)

57.40 (10.6)

<0.0001

79.20 (16.02)

64.50 (16.45)

<0.0001

Body composition

 *Total fat mass (kg)

8.05 (6.46)

10.89 (7.35)

<0.0001

8.26 (5.99)

17.07 (8.42)

<0.0001

18.42 (10.80)

21.34 (11.34)

<0.0001

 *Trunk fat mass (kg)

3.01 (2.82)

4.44 (3.61)

<0.0001

3.68 (2.84)

7.76 (4.29)

<0.0001

9.18 (6.40)

9.51 (6.62)

<0.0001

 *Lean mass (kg)

29.67 (5.09)

28.82 (6.11)

<0.0001

50.24 (8.19)

37.01 (4.97)

<0.0001

57.05 (10.16)

41.02 (6.40)

<0.0001

 Lean mass/fat mass ratio, mean (SD)

4.01 (2.25)

2.80 (1.29)

<0.0001

6.33 (3.47)

2.29 (0.93)

<0.0001

3.25 (1.33)

1.89 (0.63)

<0.0001

 *Body mass index (kg/m2)

17.88 (3.10)

18.32 (3.80)

<0.0001

20.27 (2.79)

20.95 (3.69)

<0.0001

24.46 (4.40)

23.23 (5.42)

0.021

 *Waist circumference (cm)

65.56 (9.5)

64.90 (9.3)

0.088

74.95 (8.1)

75.05 (10.4)

0.573

83.63 (11.48)

74.6 (13.49)

<0.0001

Vascular measures

 Heart rate (beat/min), mean (SD)

74 (11)

78 (11)

<0.0001

71 (12)

77 (12)

<0.0001

65 (11)

68 (10)

<0.0001

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)

105 (9)

106 (10)

<0.0001

126 (10)

120 (11)

<0.0001

123 (11)

112 (10)

<0.0001

 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)

58 (6)

59 (6)

<0.0001

68 (9)

67 (8)

<0.0001

68 (8)

66 (8)

<0.0001

Lifestyle and sociodemographic factors

 Smoked in the last 30 days (n,%)

34 (1.4)†

85 (3.2)†

<0.0001

253 (12.7)

457 (19.6)

<0.0001

316 (28.6)

491 (26.9)

0.174

 Family history of H-D-C-V (n,%)

468 (29.2)

653 (30.9)

0.140

NA

  

NA

  

 Sedentary time (min/day), mean (SD)

345 (76)

361 (72)

<0.0001

460 (93)

482 (81)

<0.0001

527 (83)

523 (85)

0.602

 Light physical activity (min/day), mean (SD)

367 (62)

363 (60)

0.037

286 (71)

270 (63)

<0.0001

147 (60)

149 (54)

0.578

 MVPA (min/day), mean (SD)

68 (33)

46 (22)

<0.0001

55 (30)

41 (34)

<0.0001

54 (33)

47 (28)

0.001

 MVPA < 40 min/day (n,%)

460 (16.5)

1302 (42.6)

<0.0001

331 (33.2)

695 (56.3)

<0.0001

100 (39.5)

227 (47.9)

0.011

 MVPA 40 – <60 min/day (n,%)

773 (27.8)

1040 (44.1)

<0.0001

276 (27.7)

326 (26.4)

<0.0001

65 (25.7)

122 (25.7)

0.011

 MVPA ≥ 60 min/day (n,%)

1551 (55.7)

711 (23.3)

<0.0001

391 (39.2)

213 (17.3)

<0.0001

88 (34.8)

125 (26.4)

0.011

 Ethnicity-White (n,%)

2523 (96.1)

2765 (96.5)

0.262

NA

  

NA

  

 Maternal social economic status (n,%)

  

0.887

NA

  

NA

  

 Professional

79 (6.1)

57 (4.1)

       

 Managerial and technical

465 (35.9)

510 (37.0)

       

 Skilled non-manual

479 (37.0)

532 (38.6)

       

 Skilled manual

17 (1.3)

28 (2.0)

       

 Partly skilled

207 (16.0)

205 (14.9)

       

 Unskilled

47 (3.6)

47 (3.4)

       

Fasting plasma metabolic indices

15 years

17 years

24 years

 High-density lipoprotein (mmol/L), mean (SD)

1.21 (0.27)

1.36 (0.30)

<0.0001

1.19 (0.26)

1.35 (0.32)

<0.0001

1.40 (0.37)

1.65 (0.43)

<0.0001

 Low-density lipoprotein (mmol/L), mean (SD)

1.99 (0.52)

2.17 (0.56)

<0.0001

2.00 (0.57)

2.21 (0.63)

<0.0001

2.47 (0.77)

2.43 (0.75)

0.150

 *Triglyceride (mmol/L)

0.73 (0.35)

0.75 (0.37)

<0.0001

0.75 (0.37)

0.74 (0.36)

0.044

0.95 (0.56)

0.80 (0.41)

<0.0001

 Glucose (mmol/L), mean (SD)

5.30 (0.39)

5.14 (0.38)

<0.0001

5.16 (0.68)

4.91 (0.38)

<0.0001

5.48 (0.82)

5.20 (0.52)

<0.0001

 *Insulin (mU/L)

7.94 (4.71)

9.67 (5.53)

<0.0001

5.73 (3.79)

7.15 (4.31)

<0.0001

7.41 (4.77)

7.71 (4.98)

<0.0001

 *High sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/L)

0.39 (0.62)

0.32 (0.53)

0.491

0.46 (0.62)

0.65 (1.30)

<0.0001

0.63 (0.88)

0.95 (1.86)

<0.0001

  1. The values are means (standard deviations) and *median (interquartile range) except for lifestyle factors and ethnicity. Differences between sexes were tested using Student’s t test for normally distributed continuous variables, Mann–Whitney U test for skewed continuous variables, Chi-square test for dichotomous variable, and analysis of covariance for multicategory variable. A 2-sided P-value < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.
  2. †Smoking status at age 13 years since there was no smoking data at age 11 years clinic visit.
  3. H-D-C-V hypertension/diabetes/high cholesterol/vascular disease, MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, NA not available/applicable, p-value for sex differences.
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