Fig. 6: Schematic representation of processes taking place in the left-hand side p-type region on the path of electrons injected into QWs for a positively biased BD LED.
From: Bidirectional light-emitting diode as a visible light source driven by alternating current
\({R}_{A}^{-}\) is the ionization of the neutral magnesium acceptor by electrons, \({R}_{T}\) is the thermal ionization of the neutral acceptor that promotes holes to the valence band, and \({R}_{A}^{0}\) is the neutralization of the ionized magnesium acceptor by holes. The same processes occur in the right-hand side p-type region when the BD LED is negatively biased.
