Fig. 6: Association of crawling and cell rotation with adhesion.

a Inverse correlation between crawling and adhesion. N and M represent NRK and MDCK, respectively. The solid line is the result of curve fitting. The correlation coefficient was −0.82. The error bars are the propagated errors yielded by calculations using average speeds and their standard errors (Supplementary Table S2 and Supplementary Note 1). Full names and the number of samples measured are shown in Supplementary Table S2. b The rotation rate of the leptospiral cell body during swimming (fSW) and crawling (fCR), calculated from the velocity and (v/λ)/f (0.2 and 1 for swimming and crawling, respectively13). The values of fCR/fSW are normalization of the burdened rotation speeds on the surface by those of free swimming.