Fig. 4: Subgroup-specific OR (95% CI) estimates of LBW and TLBW associated with a 0.1-unit increase in NDVI and EVI within a 3000-m buffer.
From: Surrounding greenness is associated with lower risk and burden of low birth weight in Iran
These estimates are derived from the fully adjusted model, where covariates include maternal demographic characteristics, fetal variables, and environmental factors. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Effect heterogeneity between subgroups is examined through a fixed effect meta-regression method, and the statistical tests are two-sided. The exact sample sizes for subgroups are exhibited in Table 1. *** indicates P < 0.001 for effect heterogeneity between subgroups. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, LBW low birth weight, TLBW term low birth weight, NDVI normalized difference vegetation index, EVI enhanced vegetation index.
