Fig. 3: Bird extinction rate through time.
From: Undiscovered bird extinctions obscure the true magnitude of human-driven extinction waves
a Median bird extinction rate over the last ~7000 years. b–d The spatial distribution of three major extinction waves. Most extinctions have occurred over the last ~7000 years (5000 BCE to 2019 CE; see inset and Supplementary Fig. 4 for extinction rate since the Late Pleistocene). Bird extinction rate is the median across 1,000 estimates of rolling means (100-year moving window; Supplementary Fig. 5); envelopes represent 95% credible intervals. For context, the horizontal dashed line represents a background extinction rate of 2 E/MSY (ref. 18); approximately 0.2 × 10-5/species/year. Three major extinction waves are labelled, and these are shown spatially in (b–d). Point size represents bird extinctions and is scaled across the extinction waves. The top five regions are labelled for each wave. The maps are centred on 145°E longitude. Source data are provided.
