Fig. 3: Overexpression of NcVg2 reducing H₂O₂ burst and promoting leafhopper feeding.

a NcVg2 expression in NcVg2-OE lines, as determined by western blot assays. Proteins from NcVg2-OE lines or WT were detected using NcVg- or histone H3-specific antibody in western blot assays. b Overexpression of NcVg2 reducing H₂O₂ burst and metabolism in rice plants exposed or not exposed to leafhoppers, as determined by content of H₂O₂ and MDA, as well as CAT and POD activity. Data are shown from 1 rice seedlings exposed or not exposed to 30 nonviruliferous leafhoppers. c The number of feeding holes per cm² of leaves of WT or NcVg2-OE plants exposed to leafhoppers, as determined by DAB or H2DCFDA staining. One leaf of rice seedling of WT or NcVg2-OE plants exposed to 5 nonviruliferous leafhoppers for 12 h was tested. d Overexpression of NcVg2 promoting plant penetration behaviour of leafhopper, as determined by EPG technique. Each nonviruliferous leafhopper was continuously and electrically recorded during 3-hour feeding periods. Data in a, b and c represent at least 3 biological replicates. Data in d represent 13 valid biological replicates. Means ( ± SD) in b, c and d are analyzed using two-tailed t-test. Ns, not significant.