Fig. 3: Metabolic activities of R. eutropha-GR-Mtr probed by Raman C–D vibrations.

a Averaged single-cell Raman spectra of R. eutropha-GR-Mtr cultured with 30% D₂O under different conditions. The Raman band of C–H vibrations was shifted to a C–D band at 2070–2300 cm⁻¹, the extent of which represents the metabolic activities of the cells. b Comparison of C–D/(C–D) + (C–H) in the R. eutropha-GR-Mtr with and without light and CO₂ supply. The lower and upper quartiles are drawn as lines outside the box. The rectangle in the box plots represents the second and third quartiles with a line inside representing the median. The whiskers indicated the minima and maxima. Statistics were performed with a two-sided Student’s t-test (p < 0.0001, the number of measured individual cells n = 294). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.