Fig. 5: Schematic illustration of the light reaction pathways of natural photosynthesis and designed artificial photosynthesis.
From: Engineering artificial photosynthesis based on rhodopsin for CO2 fixation

Potentials for hydrogen evolution reaction (EHydrogen evolution) and NAD(P)H (ENAD(P)H) synthesis are highlighted by dash lines. Part of redox enzymes are omitted. Oxygen evolution with O2 bubbles was observed on the anode, and biofilms were observed on the cathode with a brightfield microscopic image and FITC fluorescence image of biofilms attached to the cathode using SYTOTM 9 staining. The scale bars represent 20 μm.