Fig. 3: Regional mass change since 2002.

Time series of monthly cumulative mass change (MB) for 2002–2021 at 2 km (blue line) and 27 km (cyan line) for (a) the grounded Antarctic ice sheet (AIS), (b) the Antarctic Peninsula (APIS), (c) the West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS), (d) the East Antarctic ice sheet (EAIS) sectors. Monthly mass change is estimated as modelled surface mass balance (SMB) at 2 km or 27 km minus (regional) solid ice discharge from Rignot et al.¹. As the solid ice discharge data set does not extend beyond 2017, it is linearly extrapolated thereafter. The resulting MB at both resolutions is shown as dashed lines after 2017. Regional mass change of grounded ice on surrounding Antarctic islands is included (see “Methods”). Mass change is converted into global sea level change assuming that 362 Gt of ice raises sea level by 1 mm. Inset maps show in blue the region of interest. Monthly mass change from GRACE/GRACE-FO is shown as red lines. Uncertainty estimates (coloured bands) are described in the “Methods”. Relevant statistics including number of records (N), the slope (a) and intercept (b) of the regression line (y = ax + b), coordination coefficient (R²), mean bias and root mean square error (RMSE) are listed.