Fig. 2: Fructose overconsumption inhibits the activities of Mn-dependent enzymes in the liver and impairs ammonia disposal.
From: Fructose overconsumption impairs hepatic manganese homeostasis and ammonia disposal
a–d C57BL/6 J male mice at the age of 2 months were fed 60% high starch diet (starch) or 60% high fructose diet (fructose) for 1 week (n = 5). Liver arginase activity and its correlation with Mn content (a), liver Mn-SOD activity (b) and total SOD activity (c), and protein expression of ARG1, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Mn-SOD in the liver whole lysate analyzed by Western blot with β-actin as a loading control (d). e–h C57BL/6 J male mice at the age of 2 months were fed normal chow diet (NCD) or high fructose diet (HFR, 65% fructose) for 2 weeks or 8 weeks (n = 6 ~ 9). Liver arginase activity and its correlation with Mn content for the mice fed NCD or HFR for 2 weeks (e) (n = 6 ~ 8), liver Mn-SOD activity (f) (n = 7 ~ 12) and total SOD activity (g) (n = 7 ~ 12), and the expression of ARG1, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Mn-SOD protein in the whole liver lysate determined by Western blot for the mice fed NCD or HFR for 2 weeks (h). i The figure was created with Biorender.com. j NCD-fed or HFR-fed mice were i.p. injected with CCl4 (1 ml/kg body weight) or PBS (n = 5 ~ 6). Two days later, plasma ammonia levels at the indicated time points after i.p. injection of NH4Cl (4 mmol/kg body weight) with area under curve (j). Data represent means ± SEM. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. n.s. denotes not significant. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
