Fig. 4: Results of growth analysis.

Cultures were inoculated at an OD₆₀₀ of approximately 0.5. To aid comparison, all data was normalised to an initial value of 0.5. All strains assessed have DAS1&2 knockouts, some strains have additional knockouts or overexpressed genes as indicated (genotypes are listed in Table 1). Data are average values from biological duplicates with the standard deviation indicated by the shaded area. Long-term cultivation (up to 46 days), repeatability studies, non-normalised data and further cultivation of overexpressed strains are shown in Supplementary Fig. 13 & 14. (a) DAS1&2 knockout strains cultivated on methanol or formate, with elevated CO₂, or the addition of glycine or serine, and the overexpression of the reductive glycine pathway. (b) SHM double knockout strains grown on glycerol with supplementation of methanol, formate and CO₂, as indicated, and of glycine as a control. (c) SHM1 knockout strain both with and without overexpression of M. extorquens MIS genes, grown with methanol and CO₂ at two different temperatures, and the parental DasKO strain as a negative control. (d) Same strains as in Fig. 4c grown on formate and CO₂. Since cultures started to flocculate in cultivation of Shm1KO and Shm1KO MeMisOE on formate additional cell counting was performed to verify growth. Data is shown in Supplementary Fig. 14c for cultures on methanol (as a non-flocculating control) and in Supplementary Fig. 14d for cultures on formate. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.