Fig. 5: The global BOLD (gBOLD) is significantly different as the sensory-motor to default mode network (SM-to-DMN) propagating waves in the early amyloid (Aβ) accumulators with distinct cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) levels.

The gBOLD peaks showing propagations along the principal gradient (PG)³⁶ (the left column) from the sensory-motor (SM) to DMN were identified following a previous study³⁰. These gBOLD propagating waves were averaged within the early accumulators (N = 8 for each group) with the top 1/3 (A) and bottom 1/3 (B) CSF Aβ42 values. Their difference was shown in C. The average patterns of the SM-to-DMN propagations appear as the tilted bands in the time-position graph (2nd column) but more intuitive spatial patterns on the brain surface (3rd to 5th columns). The time-position graph segments (2nd column) are simply the mean of the detected SM-to-DMN propagation instances, and colors encode the mean values of the rBOLD signals. A two-sided (two-sample) t-test was used to compare the propagating waves from the sub-groups in the A and B (uncorrected). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.