Fig. 3: Atmosphere and ocean conditions during the overwarm and mature hiatus decades of East Asia.
From: Ocean fronts as decadal thermostats modulating continental warming hiatus
Winter temperatures over land and ocean (shading; surface air temperature and sea surface temperature (SST)) during the overwarm (upper) and mature hiatus (lower) periods in a ramp-up experiments and b observations. Contours denote the average atmospheric circulation in the upper troposphere (geopotential height anomaly at 300 hPa) during each decade, in which solid (dashed) lines represent anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulations (5 gpm interval for model output and 15 gpm interval for observation without a zero line). c, d (Upper) Time evolution of SST (11-year running averaged; shading) near Greenland (red boxed region in a and b; 70–10°W, 45–55°N) and north-south SST gradient (\(|{{{{{{\rm{SST}}}}}}}_{{{{{{\rm{y}}}}}}}|\)) near the Gulf Stream (brown curve; non-dimensionalized; see Methods and Supplementary Fig. 6). (Lower) Relative change in storm track activity anchored over the Gulf Stream (shading; Methods) and East Asian temperature (gray curve). Stippling in a and the solid curve in c indicate values significant at the 95% confidence level. Data in the left column are derived from ramp-up experiments and the right column presents an observational reference.
