Fig. 5: Infants’ B cells exhibit transient and universal ISG response 1 week post-vaccination. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Infants’ B cells exhibit transient and universal ISG response 1 week post-vaccination.

From: Young infants display heterogeneous serological responses and extensive but reversible transcriptional changes following initial immunizations

Fig. 5

Subcluster (SC) and time point color codes are shown in the top-left. a UMAP plot representing n = 5 color-coded SCs encompassing 6780 cells. b Expression levels of selected genes for each SC. c Heatmap representing scaled expression values of the top 15 differentially expressed genes defining each of the SCs. The differentially expressed genes are determined using two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, with adjusted p values less than 0.05. d Proportion of cells (labels) per time point for each SC. e Relative change of cell abundance at post-vaccination (time points B and C) compared to the baseline (time point A) for each SC. The results are depicted in boxplots, in which the value for each infant (total n = 6) is represented by a dot; the upper and lower bounds represent the 75% and 25% percentiles, respectively. The center bars indicate the medians, and the whiskers denote values up to 1.5 interquartile ranges above 75% or below the 25% percentiles. Data beyond the end of the whiskers are outliers (labeled infants). f Interferon score distribution for each SC ranked from the lowest (top) to highest (bottom). Color-coded vertical lines indicate the average score per SC. g Interferon score calculated for each cell per time point and SC. Error bar indicates standard deviation calculated across cells. Horizontal bar indicates mean. Asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference between two consecutive time points, determined using two-sided t-tests, with unadjusted p < 0.05 (labels). h Number of significantly differentially expressed genes (sDEGs) at post-vaccination (time points B and C) and regulation-type (up-/downregulated) compared to the baseline (time point A) for each SC. i Heatmap representing scaled expression values of significantly differentially expressed interferon-related genes per time point for each SC. Genes upregulated at time point B across all SCs are shown in bold. The color keys on the left and bottom represent gene associations. sDEGs are determined as those with a log2-fold-change > 0.25 and adjusted p < 0.05, calculated using two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.

Back to article page