Fig. 4: Cathode, and anode surface chemistry analysis. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Cathode, and anode surface chemistry analysis.

From: Defective oxygen inert phase stabilized high-voltage nickel-rich cathode for high-energy lithium-ion batteries

Fig. 4

a–d TOF-SIMS depth profiles of PO2− (a), C2HO− (b), NiF3− (c) and MnF3− (d) for P-NCM and L-NCM after 200 cycles. e 3D rendering TOF-SIMS fragments. f Surface species distributions. Scale bars, 5 μm. g Top-view (left, scale bars, 20 μm) and cross-section morphology (right, scale bars, 10 μm) images of LMA after 200 cycles coupled with P-NCM. h Top-view (left, scale bars, 20 μm) and cross-section morphology (right, scale bars, 10 μm) images of LMA after 200 cycles coupled with L-NCM. i, j Cross-section elemental mapping images of LMA after 200 cycles, coupled with P-NCM (i) and coupled with L-NCM (j). Scale bars, 10 μm.

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