Fig. 7: Tumor cell killing evaluation in vitro.

Apoptosis assay using flow cytometry after staining with an Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) kit. a The laser-/MPdot1r- group; b The laser-/MPdot1r+ group; c The laser + /MPdot1r- group; d The laser+/MPdot1r+ group. e Western blot analysis of the BcL-2 protein using β-actin as an internal reference, repeated three times independently with similar results. Living/dead cells were stained by Calcein-AM/PI. (f1, f2, f3). [MPdot1r] = 0 μg/mL, (f4, f5, f6). [MPdot1r] = 4 μg/mL, (f7, f8, f9). [MPdot1r] = 8 μg/mL, (f10, f11, f12). [MPdot1r] = 12 μg/mL. Cell viability assay with varying concentrations of MPdot. g Normoxia (V%O2 = 21%) and h hypoxia (V%O2 = 1%), respectively. Data are presented as mean ± SD derived from n = 4 independent samples. All experiments are repeated three times independently with similar results.