Table 1 Summary of key gene expression findings

	LTBI		ID BCG		PO BCG
Blood, CD4⁺	Findings	Key Genes.	Findings	Key Genes.	Findings	Key Genes
Baseline	T cell markers elevated	MKI67 IL9 CXCL5 CXCL8	No significant immunologic findings	N/A	No significant immunologic findings	N/A
BCG induced (ΔΔ)	T cells; Cytokines	IFNG FASLG IL23R TNFRSF8 (CD30)	Th9, T cells	IL9 TNIP3 IL23R TNFRSF8 (CD30)	No significant immunologic findings	N/A
	LTBI		ID BCG		PO ± ID BCG
BAL, unsorted	Findings	Key Genes	Findings	Key Genes	Findings	Key Genes
Baseline	T cells; NK cells; Elevated inflammasome markers	GZMB STAT4 DPP4 (CD26) NLRP3	No significant immunologic findings	N/A	Correlation with inflammasome induction by Mtb	MR1 GABARAPL2 SNX27 KIF16B SCL9A6 SNX14 RAB7B
Mtb-induced (ΔΔ)	T cells; Chemokines; Cytokines	IL2 CXCR2 DPP4 (CD26)	Modest inflammasome induction	CD44 DPP4 (CD26)	T cells; Inflammasome; Chemokines;	IL15 IL6 NLRP3 CXCL8 DPP4 (CD26)

As illustrated, significant observations were made from baseline studies of both peripheral blood CD4⁺ T cells from LTBI individuals (increased expression of T-cell markers) as well as unsorted BAL cells from this study group (increased expression of T cell markers, NK cells, and inflammasome markers). Following in vitro BCG infection of cultured peripheral blood cells, upregulation of T cell responses was observed in LTBI individuals and recipients of ID BCG. Whereas LTBI individuals also showed a trend for increased IL9, significant upregulation of Th9 responses was observed in ID BCG recipients only. In vitro infection of unsorted BAL cells with Mtb resulted in increased expression of the themes of T cells, cytokines, and chemokines in LTBI individuals, and enrichment for T cell, inflammasome, and chemokine themes in recipients of PO BCG.

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