Fig. 5: Screening and validation of serum candidate biomarkers using PRM-targeted proteomics.

a Ranking of candidate biomarkers in the LVQ model with an accuracy of >0.8 in discriminating HCCs and LCs. The red color showed that the protein has unique peptides and could be used as PRM candidates. b Variation of fold changes of 11 candidate biomarkers for PRM target validation in four groups. c Comparison of PRM quantification of candidate biomarkers in HCC (n = 130), LC (n = 68) and HC (n = 61) groups. The quantitation data were Log2 scaled. Significance was determined by two-sided Wilcoxon test with Benjamini-Hochberg multiple test adjustment. Box plots indicate median (middle line), 25%, 75% percentile (box), and minimum and maximum (whiskers) as well as outliers (single points). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.