Fig. 4: Evidence of Li metal stabilization with CsNO₃ additive.

a Li metal morphology in baseline electrolyte (left) and in the electrolyte with 3 wt% CsNO₃ additive (right) after 1 cycle. b Li metal morphology in baseline electrolyte (left) and in the electrolyte with 3 wt% CsNO₃ additive (right) after 25 cycles. c Cross-sectional morphology of Li metal in the baseline electrolyte (left) and in the electrolyte with 3 wt% CsNO₃ additive (right) after 50 cycles. d Digital photographs of cycled Li metal with the baseline electrolyte (left) and in electrolyte with the CsNO₃ additive (right).