Fig. 6: Tumor cells secreted MIF to affect other cells.

a Interacting ligand-receptor (L-R) pairs from seminoma to immune cells in TME. P value was calculated by Wilcoxon rank sum test. b The interaction network of all cells by MIF-(CD74 + CXCR4) L-R pairs in the microenvironment, with tumor cells being the main output signaling cells. The color of the line represents the signal emitted from the cell with the corresponding color. c Gene expression of MIF pathway in immune cell subtypes. d Spatial expression pattern of ligand (MIF) and receptor (CD74, CD44 and CXCR4) in MIF pathway. e IF staining of MIF and CD74 in seminoma samples (n = 3). White arrow represents positive signal. The barplot indicated the percentage of CD74+ cells in cells with high (in tumor cells) and low (in immune cells) MIF expression. P value was calculated by one tailed paired t test. *P < 0.05. Data are presented as “mean values ± SEM” as appropriate. Source data are provided as a Source data file. Scale bar, 50 μm and 20 μm in magnified regions. f Proportion of activated B cells detected by flow cytometry after co-culture with MIF in vitro. Barplot showing the activated B cell ratio in control group (Veh) and MIF stimulated group (MIF) (n = 6). P value was calculated by two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test. **P < 0.01. Data are presented as “mean values ± SEM” as appropriate. Source data are provided as a Source data file. Cell culture schematic (upper left) created with BioRender.com.