Fig. 1: HOR performance of Ni4Mo/TiO2.

a Positive-going sweeps of the cyclic voltammograms of Ni4Mo and Ni4Mo/TiO2 recorded in H2 and N2-saturated 0.1 M NaOH at 1600 r.p.m with a scanning rate of 0.5 mV s−1. The potentials are iR-corrected; b chronoamperometry curves of Ni4Mo and Ni4Mo/TiO2 at constant potentials in H2-saturated 0.1 M NaOH at 1600 r.p.m. The potentials are not iR-corrected; and c deactivation potentials and mass activities of Ni-based non-precious metal electrocatalysts for the alkaline HOR. Details are listed in Supplementary Table S2. Note 1: The Ni loadings are 477 and 376 μgNi cm−2geo for Ni4Mo and Ni4Mo/TiO2. Note 2: The data of CoNiMo12 and 4.3%N-Ni79 were calculated based on the original data. Note 3: The mass activities of bulky PS-MoNi23 and Ni52Mo13Nb3518 are unavailable. Here we set them at 1 A g−1 for comparison.