Fig. 3: LcPIP1 and homologs enhance plants resistance and attenuate susceptibility induced by PlPeL1/PlPeL1-like.

a Representative photographs of N. benthamiana leaves inoculated with Ph. capsici. Leaves expressing LcPIP1, NbPIP1, RFP, LcPIP1 with PlPeL1 or PlPeL1-like, RFP with LcPIP1, PlPeL1 or PlPeL1-like were inoculated with Ph. capsici at 24 hpa. Lesions were photographed under ultraviolet (UV) light at 2 dpi. White circles outline the lesions. b Lesion diameters were recorded under ultraviolet (UV) light. Data are shown as the mean ± SE (n = 11 biologically independent samples). Different letters on the graph represent significant differences among samples (One-way ANOVA; P < 0.05). c DNA from Ph. capsici infected regions was isolated and relative Ph. capsici biomass was measured to evaluate the severity of infection by qPCR. Data are shown as the mean ± SE of three replicates. Different letters on the graph represent significant differences among samples (One-way ANOVA; P < 0.05). d qRT-PCR analysis relative expression of NbPIP1 in NbPIP1- or GUS- silenced plant leaves. NbEF1α was used as the endogenous control. Data are shown as the mean ± SE of three replicates. Asterisks represent significant differences (***P < 0.001) based on Two-tailed Student’s t-test. e, f Detached leaves of VIGS plants inoculated with Ph. capsici and the lesion areas were measured using ImageJ at 2 dpi under ultraviolet (UV) light. Data are shown as the mean ± SE (n = 10 biologically independent samples). Two-tailed Student’s t-test was used for significance analysis. g-i The Arabidopsis atpip1 mutants exhibited reduced resistance to Ph. capsici. Leaves from the indicated plants were inoculated with Ph. capsici zoospores. g Disease symptoms were photographed under white or UV light at 36 hpi. Scale bars = 1 cm. h Lesion areas on Arabidopsis leaves caused by Ph. capsici (n = 23–25 biologically independent samples). Two-tailed Student’s t-test was used for significance analysis. i Quantification of Ph. capsici biomass by qPCR analysis to measure the ratios of Ph. capsici to N. benthamiana DNA. Data are shown as the mean ± SE of three replicates. Two-tailed Student’s t-test was used for significance analysis. j, k The RFP, PlPeL1, or PlPeL1-like -expressing VIGS plant leaves, were inoculated with mycelia plugs of Ph. capsici, and the lesion areas were measured using ImageJ at 2 dpi. Data are shown as the mean ± SE (n = 13 biologically independent samples). Different letters on the graph represent significant differences among samples (One-way ANOVA; P < 0.05). All experiments were repeated three times with similar results. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.