Fig. 2: The microbiome of CSU increases mast cell-driven skin inflammation, intestinal permeability, and blood LPS level.
From: Gut microbiota facilitate chronic spontaneous urticaria
a FMT mice model experimental design. b Representative ear images and the quantification of Evans blue dye (n = 8/group. Control vs PCA, P < 0.0001; FMT-HC_PCA vs FMT-CSU_PCA, P < 0.0001). c Representative images of MCs (×400 magnificent) and the percentages of degranulated MCs in mouse ear. Control (n = 6) vs PCA (n = 6), P < 0.0001; PCA vs FMT-HC_PCA (n = 5), P < 0.0001; FMT-HC_PCA vs FMT-CSU_PCA (n = 5), P < 0.0001. d Representative images of flow cytometry and the percentages of MCs in mouse skin (n = 5/group. Control vs PCA, P = 0.0071; FMT-HC_PCA vs FMT-CSU_PCA, P = 0.0008). e The amount of FITC-dextran detected in serum (n = 7/group. Control vs FMT-CSU, P = 0.0053; FMT-HC vs FMT-CSU, P = 0.0075). f Representative images of immunohistochemistry (×400 magnificent) and the quantification of ZO1 and MUC2 in mouse colon. FMT-HC vs FMT-CSU, P = 0.0132 (ZO1), and 0.0371 (MUC2). g mRNA expression of Zo1, Occludin, Tjp2 and Cgn in mouse colon. FMT-HC vs FMT-CSU, P = 0.0421 (Zo1), <0.0001 (Occludin), P = 0.0228 (Tjp2), and 0.0215 (Cgn), respectively. Control vs FMT-HC, P = 0.0263 (Occludin), 0.0360 (Tjp2). h mRNA expression of Il4, Il13, Tnfα and Il10 in ear skin (Control vs PCA, P = 0.0388, 0.0050, 0.0109, and 0.0191; FMT-HC_PCA vs FMT-CSU_PCA, P = 0.0018,0.0020, <0.0001, and 0.0002 for Il4, Il13, Tnfα and Il10, respectively; PCA vs FMT-HC_PCA, P = 0.0235 (Il13), 0.0215 (Tnfα). i Levels of IL4, IL13, and histamine in mouse ear skin (n = 6/group. Control vs PCA, P = 0.0019, 0.0033, and 0.0032; FMT-HC_PCA vs FMT-CSU_PCA, P = 0.0321, 0.0410, and 0.0405 for IL4, IL13, and histamine, respectively) and j plasma detected by ELISA (n = 6/group. Control vs PCA, P = 0.0003, 0.0012, and <0.0001; FMT-HC_PCA vs FMT-CSU_PCA, P = 0.0012, 0.0023, and 0.0019 for IL4, IL13, and histamine, respectively). k Plasma LPS detected by ELISA (n = 8/group. FMT-HC_PCA vs FMT-CSU_PCA, P < 0.0001). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, based on either one-way ANOVAs with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (b–f, g, Zo1/Occludin/Tjp2, h–k) or Brown–Forsythe and Welch ANOVA test (g, CGN). The data are presented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Control: Solvents; PCA: Solvents+ IgE/DNP-HSA; FMT-HC_PCA: FMT from healthy control + IgE/DNP-HSA; FMT-CSU_PCA: FMT from CSU patients+ IgE/DNP-HSA. FMT fecal microbial transplantation, MCs mast cells. The numbers of biologically independent samples used in g and h is depicted in the figure. Source data are provided as a source data file.
