Fig. 5: Klebsiella pneumoniae and LPS exacerbate mast cell-driven skin inflammation.
From: Gut microbiota facilitate chronic spontaneous urticaria
a Klebsiella pneumoniae administration experimental design. b Representative ear images and quantification of Evans blue dye. Control (n = 9) vs PCA (n = 8), P < 0.0001; FMT-HC_PCA (n = 8) vs FMT-CSU_PCA (n = 8), P = 0.0027; FMT-HC_PCA vs KPn_PCA (n = 10), P < 0.0001; FMT-CSU_PCA vs KPn_PCA, P = 0.0314. c Representative images of toluidine blue staining (×400 magnification) and the percentages of degranulated MCs in mouse ear. Control (n = 5) vs PCA (n = 5), P = 0.0018; PCA vs FMT-HC_PCA (n = 5), P = 0.0174; FMT-HC_PCA vs FMT-CSU_PCA (n = 4); P = 0.0028, FMT-HC_PCA vs KPn_PCA (n = 5), P = 0.0012. d mRNA expression of Il4, Il13 in ear skin. Il4: PCA vs FMT-CSU_PCA, P = 0.0150; PCA vs KPn_PCA, P = 0.0002; FMT-HC_PCA vs FMT-CSU_PCA, P < 0.0001. FMT-HC_PCA vs KPn_PCA, P < 0.0001. Il13: PCA vs KPn_PCA, P = 0.0088; FMT-HC_PCA vs KPn_PCA, P = 0.0002; FMT-HC_PCA vs FMT-CSU_PCA, P = 0.0247. e Levels of IL4, IL10, LPS in mouse plasma. IL4: Control (n = 6) vs KPn_PCA (n = 6), P = 0.0250; FMT-HC_PCA (n = 7) vs FMT-CSU_PCA (n = 7), P = 0.0139. IL10: FMT-HC_PCA (n = 6) vs FMT-CSU_PCA (n = 8), P = 0.0371. LPS: PCA (n = 5) vs FMT-CSU_PCA (n = 8), P = 0.0426; PCA vs KPn_PCA (n = 8), P = 0.0080; FMT-HC_PCA (n = 6) vs FMT-CSU_PCA (n = 8), P = 0.0469; FMT-HC_PCA vs KPn_PCA (n = 8), P = 0.0099. f β-hexosaminidase release in BMMCs (n = 3/group. Control vs IgE+DNP, P = 0.0170; IgE vs IgE+DNP, P = 0.0170; IgE+DNP vs IgE+DNP + 100 ng/ml LPS, P = 0.0251). g LPS administration experimental design. h Representative ear images and the quantification of Evans blue dye. Control (n = 5) vs PCA (n = 10), P < 0.0001; PCA vs LPS_PCA (n = 10), P = 0.0260. i Representative images of toluidine blue staining (×400 magnification) and the percentages of degranulated MCs in ear. Control (n = 6) vs PCA (n = 5), P = 0.0036; PCA vs LPS_PCA (n = 5), P = 0.0006. j mRNA expression of Il4, Il13, Tnfα and Il10 in mouse ear skin. Control vs PCA, P = 0.0145 (Il4), and 0.0015 (Il13). PCA vs LPS_PCA, P = 0.0360 (Il4), 0.0024 (Il13), 0.0147 (Tnfα), and 0.0050 (Il10). Control: Solvents; FMT-HC_PCA: FMT from healthy control + IgE/DNP-HSA; FMT-CSU_PCA: FMT from CSU patients + IgE/DNP-HSA; KPn_PCA: Gavage with KPn+IgE/DNP-HSA; LPS_PCA: Gavage with LPS+IgE/DNP-HSA. One-way ANOVAs with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test One-way ANOVA was used for a–d, e IL4/LPS, f–j. Brown–Forsythe and Welch ANOVA test was used for e IL10. The data are presented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. KPn Klebsiella pneumonia, LPS lipopolysaccharides. The number of biologically independent samples used in d and j is depicted in the figure. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
