Fig. 2: ATH is co-localized with AtRNH1C in the thylakoids of chloroplasts.

a Subcellular localization of GFP fused to the full-length ATH protein in the leaves of transgenic plants. MitoTracker, mitochondria marker (magenta); Chl, chlorophyll autofluorescence (red); ATH-GFP, ATH fused with GFP (green). The white box indicates the region magnified in (a). Scale bars, 20 μm. Experiments were repeated three times with similar results. b Magnified images of the boxed areas in (a). Scale bars, 5 μm. BF, bright field. c Immunoblots of protein fractions isolated from chloroplast stroma (Stro), thylakoids (Thy), and mitochondria (Mito) of ATH-FLAG transgenic plants. The ATH-FLAG protein was detected by the Anti-FLAG monoclonal antibody, and the polyclonal antibodies anti-RbcL, anti-PsaA, and anti-IDH1 were used to indicate stromal, thylakoid, and mitochondrial protein fractions, respectively. Experiments were repeated three times with similar results. d Co-localization of ATH-GFP and AtRNH1C-mC (mCherry) in Arabidopsis protoplasts. DAPI shows the nucleus (gray); scale bars, 5 μm. Experiments were repeated three times with similar results. e Magnified images of the boxed areas in (d). Scale bars, 2 μm. The right image is a line scanned at the position depicted by the white line. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.