Fig. 3: Lineage reconstruction based on data from a phylogenetic analysis and morphological diversity.
From: Mesozoic evolution of cicadas and their origins of vocalization and root feeding
a Schematic diagram of the phylogenetic relationships from the analysis of TNT (Bootstrap values >50%), showing phylogenetic positions of cicadoid fossils. Names in red indicate newly described species herein or a new taxonomic placement. Complete phylogenetic trees, see Supplementary Fig. 8. b 3D ordination plot of geometric morphometrics (GM) analysis of the dorsal profile of the head and notum of Cicadoidea. Blue area includes the body macromorphological data of the Mesozoic cicadoid fossils, and pink area includes the body macromorphological data of the extant cicadoid species. Line drawings referenced from refs. 3,9. c Ordination plot of non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of an analysis of cicadoid forewings. The numerical labels of the line drawings and points in (b) and (c) correspond to species names numbered in (a). Blue area, yellow area, and pink area includes forewing macromorphological data of the Mesozoic cicadoid fossils, Cenozoic fossils and extant cicadoid species. d Ordination plot of principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of nymphal legs, showing forelegs and foretarsi of Cicadidae, Tettigarctidae, sp. 1, sp.3 and sp.4, foreleg and metatarsi of sp. 2, and only foreleg of sp. 5. For characteristic descriptions, matrixes and additional explanatory data, see Supplementary Materials. Abbreviations: acf accessory tooth of femur, apt apical tooth of tibia, bt blade of tibia, clw pretarsal claw, cox coxa, fc femoral comb, fem femur, itf intermediate tooth of femur, lsf lower lateral spine on the outer surface of femur, msf mid-lateral spine on the outer surface of femur, pc pronotal collar, Pa. Palaeozoic, Pe. Permian, pta pretarsi, pro pronotum, ptf posterior tooth of femur, sapt secondary apical tooth of tibia, scl, scutellum, tar tarsus, tib tibia, tro trochanter, tmb tymbal and tmc tymbal cover. Each colour in the image represents a different structure, and these colour-structure associations remain consistent throughout the figure even when the label is not repeated in each panel.
