Fig. 7: The function of wheat TaMADS1 in regulating awn elongation and a proposed working model for MADS1.
From: MADS1-regulated lemma and awn development benefits barley yield
a Images of Fielder (WT) and three independent Tam1-abd mutant spikes at heading day. b, c Images of WT and Tam1-abd awns from the central (b) and top (c) spikelets. Statistic data of awn lengths from the central (d) and top (e) spikelets. f Sections from the boxed regions of (b) showing the size and number of cells in WT and Tam1-abd awns. g–i Statistic data of width (g), thickness (h), and longitudinal parenchyma cell number (i) of WT and Tam1-abd awn. j A proposed model for MADS1-mediated awn and lemma development. In barley, HvMADS1 and HvAP2 form a complex that jointly activates potential downstream genes HvSHI and HvDL, further influencing cell proliferation and ultimately controlling the elongation of the awn and lemma transverse growth. In wheat, TaMADS1 can also control awn elongation by influencing cell proliferation. Values are mean ± SD, p values obtained from two-tailed Student’s t-test; Scale bars, 2 cm (a, b, c), and 25 µm (f). ch chlorenchyma tissue, f1–3 flower 1–3, cs central spikelet, gl glume, p parenchyma cells, ls lateral spikelet, vb vascular bundle. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
