Fig. 1: Tubeimosides inhibit Ebola virus (EBOV) infection. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Tubeimosides inhibit Ebola virus (EBOV) infection.

From: Tubeimosides are pan-coronavirus and filovirus inhibitors that can block their fusion protein binding to Niemann-Pick C1

Fig. 1

A A total of 19 compounds from a library containing 974 plant-sourced small molecules were tested at 1 μM for antiviral activity to EBOV, HIV-1, and VSV using HIV-1 Luc-reporter pseudoviruses. EBOV-GP (red)- and VSV-G (blue)-mediated infection were conducted in Vero-E6 cells, and HIV-1 Env (green)-mediated infection was done in TZM-bI cells. Five compounds specifically targeting EBOV are circled. Viral infection was shown as intracellular luciferase activity. RLU, relative light unit. B The chemical structures of six compounds are shown. C The anti-EBOV activity of Toremifene citrate (Tor), Tamoxifen citrate (Tam), and Tubeimosides (Tubs) I/II/III were determined at indicated concentrations using HIV-1 Luc-pseudoviruses, EBOV trVLPs, and HIV-1 GFP-pseudoviruses. Levels of viral infections were calculated as relative values, with the DMSO treatment set as 100. The percentage of inhibition was calculated by deduction of the relative viral infection value from 100. Error bars indicate SEMs (n = 3 biologically independent experiments). One-way ANOVA was applied. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****<0.0001. D Vero-E6 cells were infected with HIV-1 GFP-pseudoviruses expressing EBOV-GP and treated with Tor, Tam, and Tubs I/II/III at indicated concentrations. Infected cells were imaged by EVOS FL Auto Imaging System (scale bar, 200 μm). E The anti-EBOV activity of Tubs I/II/III was titrated in Vero-E6, SNB-19, and Huh-7 cells using HIV-1 Luc-pseudoviruses. The anti-EBOV activity of U18666A (U18) was also titrated in Huh-7 cells similarly. The percentage of inhibition was calculated similarly as aforementioned. F The anti-EBOV activity of Tam, Tor, and Tubs I/II/III was titrated in HEK293T cells using EBOV trVLPs. The percentage of inhibition was calculated similarly as aforementioned. G A summary of IC50 values on viral infection. H The cytotoxic effect of Tubs I/II/III was titrated in Vero-E6 cells using CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay. Their CC50 values are shown.

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