Fig. 2: Transboundary synergistic and trade-off linkages across SDG indicators among countries. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Transboundary synergistic and trade-off linkages across SDG indicators among countries.

From: Global transboundary synergies and trade-offs among Sustainable Development Goals from an integrated sustainability perspective

Fig. 2

a Transboundary synergistic linkage across SDG indicators via international trade. b Transboundary trade-off linkage across SDG indicators via international trade. c Transboundary synergistic linkages across SDG indicators through nature-caused flows. d Transboundary trade-off linkages across SDG indicators through nature-caused flows. For better demonstration, the SDG indicators belonging to the same SDG target were grouped together based on the UN Global Indicator Framework for Sustainable Development Goals developed by the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on SDG Indicators (IAEG-SDGs). The left and right axes respectively denote the SDG targets belonging to SDG 1 to SDG 17, with the former serving as interaction generators and the latter as interaction receivers. The colour bars show the absolute values of spatial coefficients that are significant, which serve to represent the magnitude of transboundary interactions. These values were derived from 768 regression models based on spatial econometric methods, elaborated further in the Methods section. A darker colour, corresponding to a higher absolute value of the spatial coefficient, signifies stronger transboundary interactions.

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