Fig. 3: Accuracy of the memristor-based binarized neural network.

a Measured schmoo plot, presenting mean accuracy of the output neuron activations, for different operation frequency and supply voltage. They were obtained using patterns of weights and inputs chosen to cover all possible neuron preactivations (see Methods). NF means non-functional. b Measurements of 64 neurons with preactivations –5, –1, 0, 1, and 5, at 33 and 66 MHz with a power supply of 0.9 volts. Errors are marked in red. Mean accuracy of the output neuron activations, as a function of neuron preactivation Δ and supply voltage, measured at (c) 33 and (d) 66 MHz (see Methods).