Fig. 7: Association between regional heterogeneous constraints and gene expression profiles.

a Transcriptomic trajectories between dominant regions (solid line) and non-dominant regions (dashed line) in four maturation processes. Here, we calculated the first principal component score of each gene set’s transcription level. The dominant and non-dominant nodes were determined according to the conjunction map of Fig. 4f. b Transcriptomic differences between dominant and non-dominant regions from childhood to adolescence. For each maturation process, the statistical significance was calculated by comparing the empirical difference (red dots) against null differences generated by randomly resampling the same number of genes 1000 times from the remaining genes. In the figure, boxes represent the IQR, with the median shown as a line inside the box, while the lower and upper boundaries of the box correspond to the 25th and 75th percentiles. The whiskers extend to the minimum and maximum values within 1.5×IQR, and individual data points beyond the whiskers are displayed as outliers. Asterisks denote a significance level at p < 0.05 (p(dendrite) = 0.014, p(synapse development) = 0.002, p(axon development) <0.001, and p(myelination) <0.001, one-sided). c Volcano plot depicts Gene Ontology (GO) results for Biological Processes and Cellular Components (d). The dots represent the GO terms corrected for multiple comparisons (FDR-corrected at p < 0.05, one-sided). The size of the dot indicates the number of genes belonging to the corresponding GO term, and the transparency of the dot represents the significance of the corresponding GO term.