Fig. 4: Reaction scope.

a Substrate scope of Au-TOASiW9-catalysed aerobic alcohol oxidation. Reaction conditions: alcohol (0.25 mmol), 3 mL toluene solution of Au-TOASiW9 (Au: 4 mol%), Cs2CO3 (0.5 mmol), ~25 °C (room temperature), O2 (1 atm), 24 h. b Schematic of various aerobic oxidation reactions catalysed by Au-TOASiW9. Detailed reaction conditions are described in Method section.