Fig. 3: eT-patch performance measurement.

a Photograph of an ionic gel patch during stretching. Typical stress-strain curves (b) and toughness (c) of the patch doped with different concentrations of MXene (n = 3). d Cycling temperature profile for the eT-patch doped with 0.8 mg/mL MXene under 808 nm laser irradiation at 0.5 W/cm2. Thermal images (e) and temperature versus time curves (f) for the eT-patch and pure ionic gel patches without MXene doping under Laser, ES, Laser and ES simultaneous stimulation, respectively. Current-voltage curves (g) and the corresponding current values (h) at 5 V of ionic gel patches doped with MXene of different concentrations (n = 5). i Current-time curves for the eT-patches and pure ionic gel patches under the off/on of 808 nm laser irradiation. Data are presented as mean ± SD.