Fig. 6: Evaluation of transdermal protein ability on rabbit and porcine models.
a Schematic illustration of in vivo vaccination on the rabbit model. b, c Cumulative percentages of penetration (b) and skin retention (c) of FCS/IgG-FITC permeated across the rabbit skin over time (n = 3). Total dosage: 200 μg/cm2. d Schematic illustration of the experimental design showing transdermal delivery of OVA vaccination in a rabbit model. e OVA-specific IgG antibody titers in rabbit sera at different time intervals determined by ELISA (n = 3). f Schematic illustration of ex vivo skin penetration on the porcine model. g, h Cumulative percentages of penetration (g) and skin retention (h) of FCS/IgG-FITC permeated across the porcine skin over time (n = 4). Total dosage: 200 μg/cm2. i Representative confocal fluorescence images and j statistical analysis to show the permeation depth FCS/IgG-Cy5.5 through the porcine skin in 12 h. Free IgG-Cy5.5 was used as a control in those experiments (n = 4). Scale bar: 100 μm. All illustrations were created with BioRender.com. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical significance was calculated via one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post-hoc test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
