Fig. 1: Clinical progression of bats infected with filoviruses.

a Daily weight variation of bats including periods of captivity (Cp, n = 37) in Côte d’Ivoire, acclimation (Ac, n = 33) and infection (In, n = 32). In red, the dash line denotes the first In-period: 0–5 days post-inoculation (dpi), the dotted line denotes the second In-period (5–10 dpi). Circles show daily weight percentage change (DWPC) as mean values ± SD (error bars). Red arrows indicate transportation, highlighting the subsequent weight loss. No statistically significant difference was detected between groups or periods. b Blood chemistry of control and inoculated bats. Colour-coded cohorts show: Captive = wild-caught bats in Côte d’Ivoire (n = 17); Control = Captive and mock-inoculated bats kept in the BSL4 cages (n = 9); EBOV (n = 5), MARV (n = 5), RESTV (n = 6) and TAFV (n = 6) = bats inoculated with each virus, sampled at 5 and 10 dpi. Boxplots within violin plots show minimum, maximum, median and 25/75 percentile. Circles show individual bats. GGT, GPT, ALP, and CPK y-axis are log-transformed to improve visualization. ALB*= g/dL. Statistical significance, p value < 0.05 (*) and <0.01 (**), measured using two-tailed tests: one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD (TCHO, p-adj = 0.041) and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison adjustment in Dunn’s test (ALB*, p-adj = 0.030 and p-adj = 0.008). c Sampling scheme of pregnant females inoculated with EBOV: sampled at 5 (E03) or 10 (E05) -dpi, and MARV: sampled at 10 dpi (M05). d DWPC of three infected pregnant females and one control (NC) bat, weighed during periods of Cp, Ac and In. DWPC (shown as mean values ± SD) did not differ significantly between periods. e Individual weight of pregnant females and offspring. The timeline is synchronized to day of BSL4-containment/arrival (blue arrow). The increasing weight of the negative control’s offspring (NCo) is shown for reference. M05’s foetus (M5o), weighed during necropsy, is shown in red. f Comparison of offspring physical development: between foetuses sampled at 5 (E3o) or 10 dpi (E5o and M5o) and 1-day old neonate (NCo). n = biologically independent animals. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.