Fig. 5: Protective efficacy of a trivalent VLP-S mixture in transgenic hACE2 hamsters.

a Viral titers in the lungs of hACE2 hamsters immunized with a trivalent mixture of VLP-614D-S, VLP-SHC014-S, and VLP-XBB-S (cyan pattern) or with VLP-control (white) three days after infection with WIV1 and SHC014 (mean with SD, n = 4: tissues from 4 hamsters). ***P = 0.0002, ****P < 0.0001, determined by two-tailed unpaired Welch’s t test. † - No infectious virus was detected in the lungs of immunized hamsters. Detection limit (dotted line) = 1.3 log10 pfu/g. ● or † indicate data from individual hamsters. b Viral titers in the nasal turbinates of hACE2 hamsters immunized with a trivalent mixture of VLP-614D-S, VLP-SHC014-S, and VLP-XBB-S (cyan pattern) or with VLP-control (white) three days after infection with WIV1 and SHC014 (mean with SD, n = 4: tissues from 4 hamsters). ***P = 0.0003, *P = 0.0108, determined by a two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test. Detection limit (dotted line) = 1.3 log10 pfu/g. ● indicate data from individual hamsters.