Fig. 2: Hrd1 exists in different oligomeric states.

a Proteoliposomes were immobilized on a passivated coverslip surface and Hrd1^Cy5 was visualized under TIRF excitation. Hrd1^Cy5 was reconstituted at different ratios relative to a fixed lipid concentration giving 20 Hrd1 per liposome (Hrd1^20:1) to 1 Hrd1 per 20 liposomes (Hrd1^1:20). The scale bar is 10 μm. This panel is representative of at least three independent experiments. b Representative photobleaching traces of individual Hrd1^Cy5 proteoliposomes exhibiting 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or greater than 5 photobleaching events. Black arrows indicate photobleaching steps. c Summary of photobleaching step distributions for Hrd1^Cy5 proteoliposomes across five reconstitution ratios. Note that the two lowest concentrations represent the Poisson dilution range for our reconstitution conditions. This panel provides summary data from three independent experiments. d Simulated binomial distributions for monomeric, dimeric, trimeric or tetrameric complex with 90% protein labeling efficiency. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. See also Supplementary Fig. 2.