Fig. 3: Temporal variability.
From: Atlantic Water warming increases melt below Northeast Greenland’s last floating ice tongue
a Annual mean basal melt rate (dark blue) and maximum Atlantic Intermediate Water (AIW) temperature in the water column at the calving front of the glacier (orange) simulated by FESOM2.1. Annual mean subglacial discharge entering the cavity at the grounding line of the glacier (light blue, ref. 54). Note that basal melt and subglacial discharge share the same y-axis. Thin colored lines show the respective linear trends of the time series for the time period 1970–2021. Solid and dashed lines correspond to the reference experiment (REF) and a sensitivity experiment with climatological subglacial discharge (CLIM), respectively. b Annual mean basal melt rate M for years 2000–2021 as a function of maximum AIW temperature T at the calving front from the REF (gray circles) and CLIM (black stars) experiments. Lines show quadratic functions fitted to the REF (gray) and CLIM (black) data points.
