Fig. 4: Optical emission measurements, thermofluid simulations, and homogenous nucleation temperature calculations for the ICPJ process.
From: Continuous synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles by in-flight alloying of elemental metals
a, b Optical emission spectra measured at (a) Z = 0.23 m and (b) Z = 0.49 from the top of the plasma torch for the HEA-H2 case. c–g Thermofluid simulation showing the effect of the reactor geometry (Dr = Dt v.s. Dr = 3Dt where Dr is the reactor diameter and Dt is the torch diameter) on the turbulence intensity. h, i Calculated (h) saturation vapor pressures and (i) nucleation temperatures of each element in a vapor mix of Cr:Fe:Co:Ni:Mo = 1:1:1:1:1 produced at a feed rate of 1.5 g min−1, showing the existence of a large nucleation temperature gap.
