Table 2 Comparison with plasma methods of nitrogen fixation
From: Efficient catalyst-free N2 fixation by water radical cations under ambient conditions
Approach | Catalyst | Products | Energy cost MJ mol–1 | Energy yield g kwh–1 | Economy efficiency $ kwh–1 | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aDBD plasma | Copper wire | NH3 | 18.5 | 3.308 | 0.1985 | |
DBD plasma | Alumina medium | NH3 | 33.4 | 1.832 | 0.1099 | |
DBD plasma | ferroelectric materials | NH3 | 68 | 0.900 | 0.0540 | |
DBD plasma | Ru/Mg/Al2O3 | NH3 | 1.71 | 35.8 | 2.1474 | |
DBD plasma | Ru/Al2O3 | NH3 | 32.4 | 1.9 | 0.1133 | |
Non-thermal plasma | Ru/Cs/carbon nanotubes | NH3 | 26.6 | 2.3 | 0.1380 | |
Nonequilibrium plasma | No | NH3 | 95 | 0.644 | 0.0387 | |
Plasma-water droplet | No | NH3 | 9500 | 0.006 | 0.0004 | |
Plasma-activated nitrogen fixation | No | NH3 | 0.61 | 100.3 | 6.0197 | |
bUV irradiation plasma | No | NH3 | 988 | 0.062 | 0.0037 | |
Plasma electrolytic system | No | NH3 | 139 | 0.440 | 0.0264 | |
cDC plasma-driven electrolysis | No | NH3 | 100 | 0.612 | 0.0367 | |
NO3− | 2.232 | 0.0134 | ||||
DBD plasma | No | NO3− | 8 | 27.90 | 0.1674 | |
DBD plasma | No | NO2− | 1175 | 0.141 | 0.0008 | |
Disproportionation by (H2O)2+˙ | No | NH2OH | 770 | 0.154 | 1.5429 | This work |
HNO | 2290 | 0.049 | 7310.0 | |||
NH3 | 504 | 0.121 | 0.007 | |||
NO2− | 2535 | 0.065 | 0.01 | |||
NO3− | 1488 | 0.155 | 0.03 |
