Fig. 2: Observations and idealized numerical experiments of the Ross Sea overflow.
From: Circum-Antarctic bottom water formation mediated by tides and topographic waves
10 day-averaged sea floor tracer concentration and flow speed/direction (arrows) for experiments a without and b with K1 tidal forcing. The magenta boxes indicate the regions used for (h), and the blue boxes indicate the regions for (c, d). c, d Hovmüller diagrams of zonally-integrated diapycnal (27.88 kg/m3, with 1000 kg/m3 subtracted, referenced to surface) tracer mass flux. The black contours indicate the mean tracer concentration in the dense overflow layer, and the blue contours correspond to isobaths. e Time series of pycnocline depths in experiments with and without tides. The pycnocline depth is defined as the depth of density interface of 27.80 kg/m3, averaged over the light blue-shaded region in (a, b). f Observed (Obs.) salinity section that cross the continental slope indicated in Fig. 1a, and the snapshots of simulations (Sim.) with and without tidal forcing along the sections shown by the black dashed line in (a, b). The white and black contours indicate potential density (kg/m3) and salinity (psu) respectively. g Similar to (f), but for potential temperature. h 10 day-averaged T-S diagram below 1500 m depth, drawing data from the regions of magenta boxes shown in (a, b).
