Fig. 1: Contribution of hydrogen co-firing to power generation.

a Power generation in the 500, 700, 1000 and 1400 Gt–CO2 scenarios with Default technology. Results for other scenarios are shown in Supplementary Fig. 1. b Power generation from fossil fuel-fired generators (including hydrogen co-firing and carbon capture and storage [CCS]). Right bar plots illustrate the power generation from fossil fuels in 2050 as obtained from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report (IPCC AR6) Scenario Database82 for each climate category (C1–C3). “n” denotes the number of available scenarios in each category. c, d Hydrogen co-firing as a share of total power generation in 2030 and 2050 in the world, and Asia, Latin America, Middle East and Africa, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Europa (EU), and Reforming Economies, respectively. Results for other scenarios are shown in Supplementary Fig. 7. e Hydrogen co-firing as a share of fossil fuel-based power generation relative to carbon prices, excluding No-Cofire (NoCOF) cases.