Fig. 2: MLNPs induce cytotoxicity and membrane damage.
From: Mesoporous nanoperforators as membranolytic agents via nano- and molecular-scale multi-patterning
a TEM images of MLNPs, R/O-NPs and S/A-NPs. b The anti-proliferation activity of MLNPs, R/O-NPs and S/A-NPs at 24 h (p values from left to right: 0.0408, 0.0087, 0.0004, <0.0001 and <0.0001) and 48 h (p values from left to right: 0.0083, 0.0021, 0.0016, <0.0001 and <0.0005) in 4T1 cell line (n = 3 independent experiments). c CLSM image of Calcein-AM/PI stained 4T1 cells after treatment of MLNPs, R/O-NPs and S/A-NPs (n = 3 independent samples with similar results). d CLSM image of Annexin V and PI stained 4T1 cells after treatment of MLNPs, R/O-NPs and S/A-NPs (n = 3 independent samples with similar results). e, f Flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V/PI stained 4T1 cells after treatment of MLNPs, R/O-NPs and S/A-NPs (n = 2 independent experiments, p = 0.0234). Statistical significance was determined by one-sided unpaired t-test. Data were shown as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.
