Fig. 5: In vivo verification of the TDN-Ng MNs.
a Schematic and timeline of real-time monitoring in the model mouse experiment, one TDN-Ng MN patch for one mouse throughout the experiment. each mouse undergoing (I) chemiluminescence bioimaging, (II) TDN-Ng MNs, (III) PCR assay. The TDN-Ng MN patch was first calibrated in PBS (37 °C, 0.01 M, pH 7.4) for 100 s to eliminate sensor background variation before use. The blue line represents the work mode. The skin of the mice was treated by the following steps: stratum corneum scrub cream, disinfection with 75% ethanol, smearing with TE buffer (pH 8.0), and drying with cotton. Mice were fixed on a heat plate throughout the process. b Parallel demonstrations of mice at different time points, including 2 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 168 h. c Slope values of the real-time dynamic curve at 2 h, 24 h, 48 h, 168 h, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, analysed by two-way ANOVA, p value of 0.000072, 0.00028, 0.000022, 0.0000053 for 2 h, 24 h, 48 h, 168 h, respectively, data presented as the mean values ± SDs, n = 3 biologically independent animals. d Dynamic changes in target cfDNA in vivo recorded by TDN-Ng MNs and gold-standard PCR. e Corresponding plots of target cfDNA and RNA measurements by TDN-Ng MNs and gold-standard PCR and RT-PCR. f The long-term stability of the TDN-Ng MNs in vivo. The TDN-Ng MNs were laminated on the epidermis (37 °C) when not used and then applied for monitoring 3 × 10−14 M target cfDNA under reverse iontophoresis (10 V). Data were recorded as the mean values ± SDs, n = 3 independent experiments. g Continuous real-time monitoring of SA sepsis mice within 36 h by TDN-Ng MN patch. h Continuous real-time monitoring of PA sepsis mice within 36 h by TDN-Ng MN patch.
